Effectiveness of propolis gel on Mus musculus (Swiss Webster) periodontitis model with ligature silk thread application

Periodontitis is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults and is considered in public health problems worldwide. In addition to mechanical therapy with SRP (Scaling and Root Planing) treatment and antibiotics in the form of gels are also indicated as periodontal treatments. There are several developments regarding natural ingredients as a substitute for the treatment of periodontitis, one of which being propolis gel. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of propolis 5% and 10% gels against periodontitis, both in macrostructure and microstructure, in the Mus musculus periodontitis model with the application of ligature silk thread. 18 Mus musculus divided into a treatment group, a positive control group, and a negative control group (placebo gel). Then, periodontitis was induced with a 5.0 ligature silk thread on the right maxillary second molar. On day 7 the ligature was released, and the SBI (Sulcus Bleeding Index) score and initial pocket depth were observed. Propolis gel was applied to the treatment group, while metronidazole gel was applied in the periodontal pocket in the positive control group, and a placebo gel was applied in the negative control group. On the 14th day, the SBI (Sulcus Bleeding Index) score and the depth of the final pocket were observed, and alveolar bone samples were taken to be observed with a Stereomicroscope. There were no significant differences in SBI scores, pocket depth, and area of bone damage between the treatment group, positive control group, and negative control group. In this study, the propolis 5% and 10% gels did not show a therapeutic effect on periodontitis in the Mus musculus periodontitis model (Swiss Webster).