TY - JOUR
T1 - Effectiveness of Groundwater Boiling as Household Water Treatment in Metro and Bekasi Cities, Indonesia
AU - Ghaudenson, Rioneli
AU - Priadi, Cindy Rianti
AU - Foster, Tim
N1 - Funding Information:
This research received funding from Water for Woman, with the support of Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (number WRA1: 1004). The conference funding was received from PTUPT, with the support of Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency (number NKB-278/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2021) and from a collaborative PPKI program from the Indonesian World Class University Research Scheme. We also thank Professor Juliet Willets and Franziska Genter from University of Technology Sydney, Angela Harris from North Carolina State University, and Gita Lestari Putri from Universitas Indonesia for sharing their extensive knowledge and comments on the research findings.
Funding Information:
This research received funding from Water for Woman, with the support of Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (number WRA1: 1004). The conference funding was received from PTUPT, with the support of Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency (number NKB-278/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2021) and from a collaborative PPKI program from the Indonesian World Class University Research Scheme. We also thank Professor Juliet Willets and Franziska Genter from University of Technology Sydney, Angela Harris from North Carolina State University, and Gita Lestari Putri from Universitas Indonesia for sharing their extensive knowledge and comments on the research findings
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/6/24
Y1 - 2021/6/24
N2 - Groundwater serves as a major drinking water source due to inadequate piped supplies in Indonesia. To eliminate the health risks associated with groundwater consumption, boiling appears as the most suitable and cost-effective treatment technique and widely practiced in Indonesia. Despite treatment efforts, inappropriate water storage and handling practices pose a higher risk of recontamination after treatment. The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of groundwater boiling and treated water recontamination in Metro and Bekasi cities, Indonesia. Groundwater at the source and point of use samples were surveyed and assessed from a total of 116 households, resulting in 60% and 35% E. coli contamination, respectively. Paired testing involving boiling observed a reduction in microbial risk for 45% of households. However, 12% samples had an increase in risk even though boiling was reported. Furthermore, E. coli concentration at source prior to boiling and point of use after boiling showed a statistically significant difference (N=111, P<0.01). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of boiling in reducing contamination, although recontamination was evident in some cases, likely due to unsafe water storage and unhygienic environment.
AB - Groundwater serves as a major drinking water source due to inadequate piped supplies in Indonesia. To eliminate the health risks associated with groundwater consumption, boiling appears as the most suitable and cost-effective treatment technique and widely practiced in Indonesia. Despite treatment efforts, inappropriate water storage and handling practices pose a higher risk of recontamination after treatment. The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of groundwater boiling and treated water recontamination in Metro and Bekasi cities, Indonesia. Groundwater at the source and point of use samples were surveyed and assessed from a total of 116 households, resulting in 60% and 35% E. coli contamination, respectively. Paired testing involving boiling observed a reduction in microbial risk for 45% of households. However, 12% samples had an increase in risk even though boiling was reported. Furthermore, E. coli concentration at source prior to boiling and point of use after boiling showed a statistically significant difference (N=111, P<0.01). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of boiling in reducing contamination, although recontamination was evident in some cases, likely due to unsafe water storage and unhygienic environment.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85143537789&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/e3sconf/202127704002
DO - 10.1051/e3sconf/202127704002
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:85143537789
SN - 2555-0403
VL - 277
JO - E3S Web of Conferences
JF - E3S Web of Conferences
M1 - 04002
T2 - 2021 International Conference on Environmental and Energy Sustainabilities, ICEES 2021
Y2 - 24 May 2021 through 25 May 2021
ER -
