Effect of sintering temperature on structure and morphology of Ca_0.95La_0.02Bi_0.03MnO₃ perovskite manganite prepared by sol-gel method

The effect of sintering temperature on the structure and morphology of Ca_0.95La_0.02Bi_0.03MnO₃ was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscope. The sample was prepared by sol gel method. Their homogeneity was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Rietveld refinement of X-Ray diffraction results showed that the sample sintered at 1100 °C for 12 h are single phase and have an orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. While, the samples were sintered at 900 °C and 1000 °C did not show a single phase due to another peak is found. For the lattice parameter, crystal volume increases with increasing sintering temperature. The largest crystal volume was reached at sintering temperature 1100 °C which is equal to 208.7319 Å. For the angle of the Mn-O-Mn bond, the sample was sintered at 1100 °C has the largest value obtained 157.6695° while at 1000 °C is 157.1440° and 900 °C is 157.3655°. For the average Mn-O bond length shows relatively the same value for all sintering temperature. The sample was sintered at 1100 °C had the largest grain size. Sintering temperature does not change the crystal structure of Ca_0.95La_0.02Bi_0.03MnO₃ samples.