Does Energy Transition Lead to an Enhancement in Energy Security? The case of Six ASEAN Countries

This study examines the impact of the energy transition on the energy security of six ASEAN countries. The quantitative PLS-SEM method is applied in this study to investigate the relationships among energy democracy, energy citizenship, energy transition, and energy security. The energy transition model investigates the secondary panel data from 2000 to 2020 for six major oil consumption countries to find crucial factors. These six ASEAN countries primarily consume 80% of their energy from fossil fuels, contributing to 4.45% of global CO2 emissions. This study empirically found that energy citizenship significantly impacts the energy transition by 38.3% and energy security by 22.6% through the energy transition. Energy democracy negatively impacts the energy transition at 56.3% and energy security at 64.7%. The energy transition impacts 59.1% of energy security. Encouraging energy citizenship to consume renewable energy reduces CO2 emissions from 1,468 MtCO2 to 906 MtCO2. Promoting energy democracy reduces CO2 emissions from 1,468 MtCO2 to 518 MtCO2. The energy transition of six ASEAN countries is encouraged through energy citizenship and democracy to strengthen energy security by enhancing renewable energy and decreasing the dominance of fossil fuels.