Distribution patterns and risk factors of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study in Bogor, Indonesia

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients tend to have abnormal lipid profiles, explaining the association between elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels in diabetic patients and coronary heart disease. This study aims to evaluate how the common risk factors for dyslipidemia affect the lipid profile of diabetic patients and to determine which factors can be used as predictors for the occurrence of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients. Methods: A total of 238 diabetic patients (63 male and 175 female; age: 31-70 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All of them had undergone regular examinations in cohort studies on risk factors for non-communicable diseases conducted by the Ministry of Health in Bogor between December 2017 and January 2018. Results: The result found that age differences did not affect lipid profile levels, and the females had higher mean values of body mass index (p<0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.05), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p<0.001) than the males. The most common occurrences of dyslipidemia were high TC level (57.1%), followed by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level (47.1%), high triglyceride level (37.4%), and low HDL level (16.4%). Being overweight was found to be the best predictor of dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that in T2DM patients, sex affects TC and HDL levels, whereas age does not exert a significant effect on the lipid profiles. In addition, poor glycemic control, hypertension, and obesity may serve as predictors of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.