Digital collaboration in teaching and learning activities: The reflexivity study on educational digital empowerment

This research examines digital empowerment in high schools in Indonesia. Based on the reflexivity perspective, digital empowerment is described as the effort to respond to changes in learning systems in digital-based schools. This research was conducted qualitatively through observations and in-depth interviews. The participants of this study included school principals and the teachers of information and communication technology in three Indonesian public senior high schools in different cities, namely Banda Aceh, Padang, and Banjarmasin. The results highlighted the need to understand the context and projections of the teachers' and student's ability and self-access to information and communication technology elements, in which appropriate measures can be formulated in response to the digitisation of the teaching-learning process in the schools. Self-awareness and information and communication technology competence shape digital empowerment efforts in schools based on their respective needs and abilities. As such, the digital-based collaboration of teaching and learning can be construed as a form of contextual digital empowerment, which is applied at the micro-level adapting to dynamic changes in digital competence, especially in teachers and students.