Development of Risk-Based Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Standards for Design-Build Methods on High-Rise Building Structural Works to Improve Construction Safety Performance

The complex activities in the construction of high-rise buildings show many potential subjects of hazard which comprises a major safety concern for workers, equipment, material, the public, and the environment. In correspondence to that, determining a standardized Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is required to manage the project construction. Previously, a standardized WBS has been performed without the identification and analysis of a risk factor at a design stage. The integrative approach to determine standardized WBS which involves the risk factors plays a primary role to prevent accidents because the risk is assessed early in the design stage and can be elaborate in the implementation steps. Based on that, this study is purposed to improve the construction safety performance by defining the risk factors in the standardized WBS on the design-build of the high-rise building. In this study, a descriptive qualitative methodology is carried out by giving questionnaires form to respondents and interviewing experts for validation. As many as 6 levels of WBS are generated and 419 risks are found to have an impact on the safety performance. Approximately 6% of the risk is categorized as high-level risk and the response has been determined. Thus, the development of risk factors in the standardized WBS for design and construction work with additional activities will minimize accidents and improve construction safety performance. Indeed, the risk of work accidents can be eliminated (zero accidents) in the project implementation.