Development of Risk-based Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Standards for Integrated Design and Construction Phase on Design-Build Contract of Mechanical and Electrical Works of High-Rise Building to Improve Construction Safety Performance

Occupational accidents in the construction sector in Indonesia occupy the highest national ranking compared to other industries. Accidents in the construction industry frequently result from mechanical and electrical work. The technological advancements in the mechanical and electrical industries are among the quickest. Because of this, safety in construction should get special consideration. Identifying risks as early as feasible during the design phase is crucial for preventing construction accidents. However, risk analysis is not structured during development, so it only accounts for some risks requiring special attention. To produce a structured inventory of risks, a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is used to identify risks. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) standard will be the primary input for identifying risks related to employees, equipment, materials, and the environment/public during the design and construction phase. This research provides valuable insight into the main elements that contribute to safety risk through a systematic risk analysis. This study employs a literature review, expert consultation, and qualitative risk analysis to identify the most significant risks and their associated causes, effects, and preventive and corrective actions. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by offering a comprehensive understanding of the conception of risk-based WBS standards that integrate design and construction phases. The research findings emphasize the significance of management in improving construction safety performance. Management is responsible for developing explicit and standardized safety policies and procedures.