Development of Pairwise Force Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Capillary Rise Modelling

This research conducted a series of numerical experiments employing the Pair-Wise Force Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (PF-SPH) model to simulate the capillary action of water in the soil column. Initially, analytical relationships were formulated to connect various PF-SPH model parameters to surface tensions, static contact angles, and pore radius. Subsequently, the model was utilized to investigate PF-SPH equations and develop a modified function between numerical and physical parameters that incorporate the pore radius variable. The findings of this research reveal that capillary rise profiles in a steady state condition and Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) profiles closely align with empirical data obtained from published laboratory experiments. In conclusion, we observed that the PF-SPH model could simulate the capillary rise of water through the soil column by adjusting parameters such as surface tension, contact angle, and soil particle properties.