Development of a framework for the calculation of Co₂ emissions in transport and logistics in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia, as the world fastest growing market, has become the destination for multinational companies to operate their businesses. The increasing number of companies in the region will result in raised levels of CO₂ emissions because of their transport and logistics activity. This paper aims to develop a CO₂ emissions framework by considering the actual conditions of the region, and by calculating the level of emissions with a case study of Indonesia. Several steps were involved in the design of the framework. First, research was conducted on available frameworks which estimate CO₂ emissions in logistics. Second, the model for CO₂ emissions calculation was built by breaking down all the factors influencing calculations. Third, the model was applied using distribution network data of companies in Indonesia. The output of the research is a framework which helps companies to calculate CO₂ emissions, and which gauges the level of such emissions generated by companies operating in Indonesia. In addition, the impact of the different distribution network scenarios on the amount of CO₂ emissions produced is assessed.