Dapsone N-acetylation, metoprolol α-hydroxylation, and S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation polymorphisms in an indonesian population: A cocktail and extended phenotyping assessment trial

We examined dapsone N-acetylation and metoprolol α-hydroxylation and S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation phenotypings using the respective test probes (dapsone and racemic metoprolol and mephenytoin) administered separately and in a cocktail manner to an Indonesian subject group (n = 30). After ascertaining that the separate and cocktail phenotyping tests of the probe drugs correlated with each other (all r(S) values >0.84; p < 0.001), the cocktail phenotyping assessment was extended to the other 74 Indonesians. In a total of 104 Indonesians phenotyped with the cocktail test, a visual antimode was apparent only in the dapsone N-acetylation and S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation polymorphisms: the frequencies of slow acetylators and poor hydroxylators were 43.3% (95% confidence interval, 33.7% to 52.8%) and 15.4% (95% confidence interval, 8.5% to 22.3%), respectively. The distribution histogram and probit plots of the metabolic ratio of metoprolol gave no clear evidence for bimodality, and therefore no poor α-hydroxylator of metoprolol was considered to exist in the present sample size. The findings indicate that the Indonesian subjects have a greater incidence of slow acetylator phenotype compared with Japanese and Chinese, as well as a frequency of poor metabolizer phenotype of S-mephenytoin similar to that of Korean and Chinese subjects. They resemble an African population (Nigerians) in metoprolol α-hydroxylation polymorphism, with no apparent antimode derived from white populations.