Cross‑cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Indonesia version of the self-efficacy oral health questionnaire for adolescents

Background: Self-efficacy can be interpreted as a self-belief that one has successfully committed to a specific situation or maintained a specific behaviour. Aim: We aimed to test the reliability and validity of a cross-cultural adaptation of the self-efficacy oral health (SEOH) questionnaire in the Indonesian language among adolescents and to understand the diverse perspectives of oral health self-efficacy related to gender. Design: A cross-cultural adaptation of the SEOH self-administered questionnaire was completed followed by a dental caries examination. Sample size estimation suggested 341 adolescents aged 12-13 years. Eleven junior high schools were clustered and randomly selected from six districts across Jakarta, Indonesia. Results: The SEOH was reliable with interclass correlation and Cronbach's alpha values of 0.86 and 0.86, respectively. Significant results for the construct and discriminant validity analyses were observed. There was no significant difference in terms of the total score between males and females, but there was a significant difference in terms of the psychology control domain. Conclusions: Our study results provide evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of the SEOH questionnaire for adolescents across Indonesia.