Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Indonesian version of AQUAREL on patients with permanent pacemaker: A cross-sectional study

Objective: The assessment of quality of life has significant impact in device therapy. This research was aimed to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the AQUAREL questionnaire. Results: We evaluated 32 patients during the cross-cultural adaptation stage and 20 patients during validity and reliability evaluation stages. Indonesian version of AQUAREL showed positive correlation between 6-min walking test and dyspnea domain (r = 0.228; p = 0.048), and showed negative correlation between NT pro-BNP and chest discomfort (r = - 0.231; p = 0.043) and dyspnea domain (r = - 0.268; p = 0.020). The total AQUAREL also showed positive moderate correlation toward total SF-36 (r = 0.543; p = 0.000). The internal consistency was good (Cronbach α = 0.728) and the repeatability between day 1 and day 8 was good, with moderate positive correlation (r = 0.581; p = 0.007).