Cow's milk protein sensitization on the lymphocyte Th-1 and Th-2 activity in relation to wheezing in the first year of life

Background: Atopic diseases are common and represent a serious heatlh problem worldwide and the incidence was increased in last three decades. Allergic disease is developed by at least three things: the genetic background, exposure to allergens and amplified by environmental factors. Wheezing is known as a common symptom in infant. Objective: To find an overview of the role of cow's milk protein sensitization on the lymphocyte Th-1 and Th-2 activity in relation with wheezing in infants up to 1 year of age. Methods: This exploratory observational, cohort study included total 71 infants collected by consecutive sampling. Data were collected from questionnaires completed by the parents, medical records, blood samples and skin prick test examination. Results: A total of 64.8% from 71 subjects suffering from wheezing. Allergy risk factors (95% CI 1.184-2.177; p = 0.007), skin prick test > 3 mm (95% CI 2.073-5.910; p = 0.000), IFN-γ levels below 0.53 (95% CI 1.029-2.046; p = 0.033), IL-5 levels above 0.6 (95% CI 1.685-6.877; p = 0.000), and the father smoked (95% CI 1.168-2.542; p = 0.003) appear related to the occurrence of wheezing. Multivariate test shown, the level of IL-5 (p = 0.000; RR 20.69; 95% CI: 4.51 to 94.83) combined with the level of IFN-γ (p = 0.010; RR 10.28; 95% CI: 1.73 to 31.61) and exposed to tobacco smoke by dad in indoor (p = 0.020; RR 6.49; 95% CI: 1.33 to 31.61), are clinically the trigger factors of wheezing in infants in the first year of life. Conclusion: A significant sensitivity of cow's milk had happened on this research subject and was marked by the early allergic march baby wheezing friction. Allergy risk in parent and exposed to tobacco smoke by dad in indoor are contribute to the onset of wheezing, through the activity of Th-2 lymphocytes are increased so that the level of IL-5 to be higher in infants suffering from atopic wheeze.