TY - JOUR
T1 - Correlation between Pain Perception and CGRP Expression during Initial Tooth Alignment Using either a Self-ligating or a Pre-adjusted Bracket System
AU - Johanes, Arief
AU - Widayati, Retno
AU - Soedarsono, Nurtami
AU - Soegiharto, Benny M.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by Hibah PiTTA B DRPM Universitas Indonesia.
Publisher Copyright:
© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2020 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and non-commercial reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
PY - 2020/12
Y1 - 2020/12
N2 - Aim and objective: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs when the force applied to the tooth stimulates inflammation and alveolar bone remodeling. Less friction is produced by passive self-ligating (PSL) brackets compared to pre-adjusted edgewise (PE) brackets; therefore, PSL bracket use is thought to result in less pain than the use of PE brackets. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), isolated from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), can be used as a pain biomarker for OTM. Pain perception can be subjectively evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). This study aimed to analyze pain perception, using the VAS and CGRP levels, and to examine the correlation between VAS scores and CGRP levels. Materials and methods: A total of 15 patients were included in this study (a PSL group, a PE group, and a control group). GCF was collected from the lower anterior teeth, at interproximal sites, before bracket insertion and 2 hours, 24 hours, and 168 hours after lower archwire engagement. Pain perception was recorded using the VAS. CGRP concentrations were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The VAS scores of the PE and PSL groups increased 2 hours after archwire engagement, peaked after 24 hours, and returned to baseline after 168 hours, and the PE group had high scores than the PSL group, with the highest score being recorded at the 24 hour time point. CGRP concentrations were also the highest at the 24 hour time point compared to the other time points. Conclusion: These results showed that both the VAS score and the CGRP concentration increased during initial orthodontic tooth alignment when using either the PSL or the PE bracket systems. Pain perception scores and CGRP concentrations were weakly positively correlated. Clinical significance: The type of bracket system used influenced the patients’ pain perception scores and the release of CGRP.
AB - Aim and objective: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs when the force applied to the tooth stimulates inflammation and alveolar bone remodeling. Less friction is produced by passive self-ligating (PSL) brackets compared to pre-adjusted edgewise (PE) brackets; therefore, PSL bracket use is thought to result in less pain than the use of PE brackets. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), isolated from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), can be used as a pain biomarker for OTM. Pain perception can be subjectively evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). This study aimed to analyze pain perception, using the VAS and CGRP levels, and to examine the correlation between VAS scores and CGRP levels. Materials and methods: A total of 15 patients were included in this study (a PSL group, a PE group, and a control group). GCF was collected from the lower anterior teeth, at interproximal sites, before bracket insertion and 2 hours, 24 hours, and 168 hours after lower archwire engagement. Pain perception was recorded using the VAS. CGRP concentrations were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The VAS scores of the PE and PSL groups increased 2 hours after archwire engagement, peaked after 24 hours, and returned to baseline after 168 hours, and the PE group had high scores than the PSL group, with the highest score being recorded at the 24 hour time point. CGRP concentrations were also the highest at the 24 hour time point compared to the other time points. Conclusion: These results showed that both the VAS score and the CGRP concentration increased during initial orthodontic tooth alignment when using either the PSL or the PE bracket systems. Pain perception scores and CGRP concentrations were weakly positively correlated. Clinical significance: The type of bracket system used influenced the patients’ pain perception scores and the release of CGRP.
KW - Calcitonin gene-related peptide
KW - Cohort study
KW - Orthodontic tooth movement
KW - Pain
KW - Passive self-ligating
KW - Pre-adjusted
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104783345&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2947
DO - 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2947
M3 - Article
C2 - 33893251
AN - SCOPUS:85104783345
SN - 1526-3711
VL - 21
SP - 1312
EP - 1315
JO - Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice
JF - Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice
IS - 12
ER -