Correlation Between Higher Cumulative Dose of Cisplatin for Concurrent Chemoradiation and Acute Kidney Disease Incidence Among Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Comparative Study

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most malignant cancer in the head and neck area. According to the stage, the management of NPC includes radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination of both. The standard agent for radiosensitizing chemotherapy is cisplatin. Among the several effects of cisplatin administration, nephrotoxicity raises the most concern, especially in high doses. Acute kidney disease (AKD) is a condition in which an acute kidney injury occurs at >7 days but <90 days. This study aimed to assess whether there is a significant difference in the incidence of AKD between NPC patients who received a cumulative dose of cisplatin up to (≤) 200 mg/m² and patients who received more than (>) 200 mg/m². Methods: This is a cohort retrospective study conducted in the radiotherapy unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Medical records of 540 patients from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected and sorted. After sorting, 120 of the records were analyzed. Results: The analysis showed that 38.4% of patients who received >200 mg/m² cumulative dose of cisplatin experienced AKD, whereas 38.3% of the patients who received ≤200 mg/m² cumulative dose of cisplatin experienced AKD. Conclusion: This study found that in patients with locally advanced NPC who received cisplatin chemoradiation, there was no significant difference in the incidence of AKD, recovery of renal function, or progression of chronic kidney disease between patients receiving a cumulative dose of cisplatin ≤200 mg/m² and those receiving >200 mg/m² .