Correlation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep quality in elementary school students

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder, which is caused by several factors including genetic and environmental factor. Previous studies suggest that ADHD may be correlated to poor sleeping quality, thus the objective of this study is to determine the correlation between ADHD and sleep quality. Method: Case-control study of 387 elementary school children in Kenari 01, 03, and 05 Elementary School Jakarta was performed from July 2015 until May 2016. This study was conducted by giving questionnaires. Parents filled in SkalaPenilaianPerilakuAnakHiperaktif Indonesia (SPPAHI) and Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire, whereas teachers fill in SPPAHI questionnaire only. Result: Out of all subjects, 34 (31.5%) ADHD positive elementary school students have poor sleep quality, whereas 74 (68.5%) have good sleep quality. In ADHD negative children 37 (13.8%) have poor sleep quality, whereas 231 (86.2%) have good sleep quality. Statistically, there is a correlation between ADHD and sleep quality (p = 0.001, chi-square test) with an odds ratio score = 2.869. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between ADHD and sleep quality in elementary school student.