Competitiveness in global transformation: A systematic review

Industrialization and globalization affect the world's view of carrying out the economy. The company cannot conduct business as usual because of the openness of international markets and information. Increasing population, cultural change, economic movements throughout the world are the effects of both of these. Rapid changes to consumer needs and product diversity make market conditions more competitive. Every country in the world competes to become the most competitive economy by increasing its competitiveness to survive in the era of globalization so that, national competitiveness becomes an important point for all countries in the world. The purpose of this paper is to identify gaps from previous studies for contributing new research ideas. This paper adopts a systematic literature review method to find out the state of the art based on general characteristics (conceptual and measurement), solution methodology and strategic level. This paper contributes to give a new idea in competitiveness research, which categories that are useful for solving competitiveness problems at each level, including International, National and Firm.