Comparison of Higher-Order Beam Theory and First-Order Beam Theory Models on FGM Beam Element for Static Analysis

HOBT-Higher Order Beam Theory is the developing theory in the Finite Element Method (FEM), which considers the higher-order variation of transverse shear strain; therefore, the shear correction factor is not required. This paper uses beam elements and implements them to higher order beam theory developed by Vo et al., with two independent variables of bending and shear displacement, using third-order polynomial functions. This paper shows the contribution of the shear strain part as one of the independent variables. Static analyses are presented to obtain a comparative result with the First Order Beam Theory (FOBT) application on the imposition of different boundary conditions to ensure reliable results.