Community perceptions analysis of waste management in the Upper Citarum Watershed measured from attitudes, awareness, responsibilities, and norms using the SEM method

The Citarum River is a widely used river for community life; however, water pollution in the Citarum watershed, especially the upstream area, is increasing. Research shows that river water quality has decreased drastically, which has been heavily polluted and filled with various waste along the 127 km or 47.1% of the Citarum river. Waste and its management are now becoming an increasingly urgent problem in cities in Indonesia. It is feared that the high level of pollution in the upstream area of the Citarum watershed will impact the water quality conditions. Therefore, social analysis is needed. In this study, social analysis in the upstream region of the Citarum watershed was measured by the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method. This research is intended to analyze the community's perceptions in the upstream area of the Citarum watershed towards waste management, measured by attitudes, awareness, responsibility, and norms. The correlation results show a significant relationship between waste management dimensions, where the highest correlation or relationship between norms and a sense of responsibility is (0.6667). It can be concluded that community norms and responsibilities are the main factors in waste management.