TY - JOUR
T1 - Clopidogrel Resistance Among Ischemic Stroke Patients and Its Risk Factors in Indonesia
AU - Hidayat, Rakhmad
AU - Nabilah, Rizqi Amanda
AU - Rasyid, Al
AU - Harris, Salim
AU - Harahap, Alida R.
AU - Herqutanto, Herqutanto
AU - Louisa, Melva
AU - Listyaningsih, Erlin
AU - Rambe, Aldy Safruddin
AU - Loho, Tonny
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 by Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
PY - 2022/4/1
Y1 - 2022/4/1
N2 - OBJECTIVE: Clopidogrel is a common antiplatelet used as secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, known to have better efficacy than aspirin, with a equivalent safety profile. However, clopidogrel resistance is not uncommon but has not been widely studied in Asia. This study will further assess clopidogrel resistance and its risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Rumah Sakit Universitas, Indonesia, and Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Indonesia in 2020-2021. All patients had had at least one episode of ischemic stroke. Clopidogrel resistance was assessed using a VerifyNow assay. RESULTS: 57 subjects were enrolled in this study. We found 15.8% of subjects were clopidogrel resistant. Gender was significantly associated with clopidogrel resistance, with males having 80% lower clopidogrel resistance (OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.022 - 0.638); P=0.006). Meanwhile, smoking was not associated with clopidogrel responsiveness (P=0.051). We found no association between haemoglobin, blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, liver enzymes, serum urea concentration or creatinine levels and clopidogrel resistance. CONCLUSION: Clopidogrel remains an effective treatment to prevent recurrent ischemic stroke in Indonesia. Further studies are needed to assess gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance, which may explain the findings of this study.
AB - OBJECTIVE: Clopidogrel is a common antiplatelet used as secondary prevention of ischemic stroke, known to have better efficacy than aspirin, with a equivalent safety profile. However, clopidogrel resistance is not uncommon but has not been widely studied in Asia. This study will further assess clopidogrel resistance and its risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Rumah Sakit Universitas, Indonesia, and Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo, Indonesia in 2020-2021. All patients had had at least one episode of ischemic stroke. Clopidogrel resistance was assessed using a VerifyNow assay. RESULTS: 57 subjects were enrolled in this study. We found 15.8% of subjects were clopidogrel resistant. Gender was significantly associated with clopidogrel resistance, with males having 80% lower clopidogrel resistance (OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.022 - 0.638); P=0.006). Meanwhile, smoking was not associated with clopidogrel responsiveness (P=0.051). We found no association between haemoglobin, blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, liver enzymes, serum urea concentration or creatinine levels and clopidogrel resistance. CONCLUSION: Clopidogrel remains an effective treatment to prevent recurrent ischemic stroke in Indonesia. Further studies are needed to assess gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance, which may explain the findings of this study.
KW - Clopidogrel Resistance
KW - Ischemic Stroke
KW - Risk Factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131850882&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5644/ama2006-124.367
DO - 10.5644/ama2006-124.367
M3 - Article
C2 - 35695400
AN - SCOPUS:85131850882
SN - 1840-1848
VL - 51
SP - 29
EP - 34
JO - Acta medica academica
JF - Acta medica academica
IS - 1
ER -