TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia
AU - Masyeni, Sri
AU - Nelwan, Erni Juwita
AU - Fatawy, Rois Muqsith
AU - Wibawa, Surya
AU - Nugraha, Putu Arya
AU - Antara, Jarwa
AU - Suparta, Adi
AU - Asmara, D. G.Wedha
AU - Yenny, L. G.Sri
AU - Budhitresna, A. A.G.
AU - Arimas, Dewi
AU - Indriani, Dewi
AU - Parwata, Kmg
AU - Sutarjana, Ketut
AU - Sugiartha, Eka
AU - Kahari, Siska
AU - Wardhana, Clareza Arief
AU - Indraningrat, A. A.G.
AU - Mulyantari, Kadek
AU - Pasek, Arya Widiyana
AU - Putrawan, Oka
AU - Yustiani, Nyoman Trisna
AU - Wardana, Gede
AU - Wijaya, Made Indra
AU - Aryana, Suka
AU - Gayatri, Yuli
AU - Sukmawati, Dewi Dian
AU - Suastika, Ketut
AU - Merati, Tuti Parwati
AU - Bakta, Made
AU - Widiana, Raka
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Masyeni et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - Introduction The spectrum of illness and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may vary. This study reports the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia, and evaluates the diagnostic value of their clinical symptoms. Method This observational study was conducted in eight hospitals. The patients were classified as non-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and non-COVID-19. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were collected. Factors associated with the severity and outcomes were assessed using the chi-squared test or ANOVA when appropriate. We also compared the clinical features of non-severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Results This study included 92 patients: 41 non-COVID-19 and 51 COVID-19 patients, comprising 45 non-severe and six severe cases. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were cough (47.1%), fever (31.0%), and dyspnea (25.3%). Cough, fatigue, and anosmia have high accuracy, and combining these complaints in clinical diagnostics offered a higher accuracy in predicting COVID-19 patients (60.1%). We found lower lymphocyte counts and interleukin-1R levels and higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in severe compared than in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Lactate dehydrogenase was associated with intensive care unit admission and ventilator use, while other markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were not. Conclusion A battery of symptoms, including cough, fatigue, and anosmia, is likely associated with COVID-19 in Bali. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms to ensure a prompt diagnostic test for COVID-19, beyond other causes of acute febrile illnesses.
AB - Introduction The spectrum of illness and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may vary. This study reports the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Bali, Indonesia, and evaluates the diagnostic value of their clinical symptoms. Method This observational study was conducted in eight hospitals. The patients were classified as non-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and non-COVID-19. Demographics, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients were collected. Factors associated with the severity and outcomes were assessed using the chi-squared test or ANOVA when appropriate. We also compared the clinical features of non-severe COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Results This study included 92 patients: 41 non-COVID-19 and 51 COVID-19 patients, comprising 45 non-severe and six severe cases. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were cough (47.1%), fever (31.0%), and dyspnea (25.3%). Cough, fatigue, and anosmia have high accuracy, and combining these complaints in clinical diagnostics offered a higher accuracy in predicting COVID-19 patients (60.1%). We found lower lymphocyte counts and interleukin-1R levels and higher levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in severe compared than in non-severe COVID-19 patients. Lactate dehydrogenase was associated with intensive care unit admission and ventilator use, while other markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were not. Conclusion A battery of symptoms, including cough, fatigue, and anosmia, is likely associated with COVID-19 in Bali. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms to ensure a prompt diagnostic test for COVID-19, beyond other causes of acute febrile illnesses.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131903543&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0269026
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0269026
M3 - Article
C2 - 35687545
AN - SCOPUS:85131903543
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 17
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 6 June
M1 - e0269026
ER -