Characteristic of life_(1-x)v_xpo₄/c using carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar for lithium ion battery cathode

Used of carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar in the synthesis of LiFe_(1-x)V_x PO₄ /C for lithium ion battery cathode has been examined. The process was begun by synthesizing LiFePO₄ through a hydrothermal method with the precursors of LiOH, NH₄ H₂ PO₄ and FeSO₄.7H₂ O. The as-synthesized LiFePO₄ was then mixed with various H₄ NO₃ V concentrations and fixed 3 wt.% of carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar and calcined for 2 hours at 400 °C. The result was ball-milled and was then characterized using a thermal analyzer to determine the transition temperature at which sintering temperature of 700 °C for 4 hours was obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to analyze the crystal structure whereas scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure and surface morphology. XRD results show that LiFe_(1-x)V_x PO₄/C phase has been formed with an olivine-based structure. SEM results showed an even distribution of LiFe_(1-x)V_x PO₄/C particles. The batteries were prepared from the as-synthesized materials and were tested using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge and discharge (CD) tests. The EIS results showed that carbon improved the conductivity. The performance test showed that the addition of vanadium resulted in a capacity of about 51.06 mAh/g with a potential of 3.581 V at charging and 49.42 mAh/g with a potential of 3.319 V at discharging. These results are promising in terms of using table sugar as a cheap carbon source for lithium ion battery cathode development.