Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: Apatite Deposition on Root Canal Dentin and pH Variation Analysis

Objective This study analyzes the biomineralization potential of calcium silicate-based sealers Ceraseal (Meta Biomed Co., Cheongju, Korea) and AH Plus Bioceramic (Dentsply Sirona, United States), focusing on evaluating apatite deposition in root canal dentin and pH increases. Materials and Methods Calcium silicate-based sealers Ceraseal (Meta Biomed Co.) and AH Plus Bioceramic (Dentsply Sirona) were applied to the root canal dentin of premolars that had undergone root canal preparation procedures. This was followed by a 14-day immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Biomineralization analysis was performed by analyzing the formation of the apatite layer after the 14-day immersion. The thickness of the apatite layer deposits was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, the sealers were placed in molds and submerged in PBS solution with pH measurements taken on days 0, 7, and 14 using a digital pH meter. Statistical Analysis The average thickness of apatite deposition in the interfacial layer was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney's test. The pH value differences among the groups were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance test, followed by a post hoc least significant difference. Results There were differences in the apatite deposition in the interfacial layer between Ceraseal and AH Plus Bioceramic within 14 days of observation. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the pH values of Ceraseal and AH Plus Bioceramic at 7 and 14 days of observation. Ceraseal showed greater alkalizing activity compared with AH Plus Bioceramic. Conclusion Calcium silicate-based sealer Ceraseal showed better biomineralization potential than AH Plus Bioceramic.