Association between laboratory markers and oncological outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma-A review of osteosarcoma treatment in Indonesia

Background: Treatment of osteosarcoma requires multi-disciplinary team work and a rigorous follow-up schedule to achieve best oncological and functional outcomes. However, standard treatment and routine image study may not be available for all Indonesian patients because of complex geographic reason in Indonesian archipelago. Therefore, we aimed to review treatment outcome of osteosarcoma in Indonesia and validate potential laboratory markers associated with oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: From January 2015 to August 2016, we retrospectively reviewed 57 patients with osteosarcoma who had received treatment in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia. Association between laboratory markers including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and oncological outcomes including mortality and distant metastasis have been validated. Results: Our results showed that a combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy would lead to the best oncological and functional outcome. ESR, CRP LDH and ALP level decreased after surgery and chemotherapy. Lower level of ESR and CRP were not associated with less distant metastasis and less mortality. On the other hand, the elevated LDH was correlated with higher mortality (P < 0.01), whereas elevated ALP was also correlated with a higher risk of distal metastasis (P = 0.044). Conclusions: Patients who had been properly treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy had the best oncological and functional outcomes. LDH and ALP might be useful laboratory markers to predict oncological outcome.