Anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of mahkota dewa [phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff. Boerl)] leaves in mouse colitis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS): Focus on rectal tissue

Objective: In this study, we aim to analyze the effect of this ethanol extract on the average number of goblet cells per crypt, number of inflammatory foci and number of angiogenesis in the rectal tissues of mice colitis-model that induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Methods: This study was carried out by experimental in vivo using Balb/c mice. The mice were divided into five groups of treatment: normal, negative control (AOM/DSS), positive control (AOM/DSS+aspirin), EMD25 (AOM/DSS+25% ethanol extract) and EMD12.5 (AOM/DSS+12.5% ethanol extract). The mice were euthanized and their rectal tissues were placed on glass slides for histopathological observation using haematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: The administration of the ethanol extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves cannot inhibit the decrease in the average number of goblet cells per crypt (p=0.450) and cannot reduce the number of inflammation foci (p=0.146) and the number of angiogenesis (p=0.728). The ethanol extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves could not inhibit the inflammation induced by AOM/DSS in the rectal tissues of mice. However, the extract has a tendency to maintain the average number of goblet cells per crypt. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Mahkota Dewa leaves can inhibit inflammation in mice’s rectal tissue.