Angle's malocclusion classification and soft tissue facial profile in people with down syndrome in Jakarta - Angle's malocclusion classification and soft tissue facial profile in down syndrome

Down Syndrome is caused by a genetic abnormality in chromosome 21. Phenotypically, the abnormality is characterized by defective orocraniofacial growth. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, participants were 40 people with Down Syndrome, aged 14-41 years, and enrolled in specialized schools in Jakarta. Angle's malocclusion classification was determined by clinical examination and soft tissue profile by measuring the angle of soft tissue nasion (N'), subnasal (Sn) and pogonion (Pog') on a digital profile picture. Angle's malocclusion classification class I was found in 14 people (35%), Class II was found in 3 people (7.5%), and Class III was found in 23 people (57.5%). We found a flat soft tissue facial profile in 13 people (32.5%), a convex soft tissue facial profile in 3 people (7.5%), and a concave soft tissue facial profile in 24 people (60%). Class III Angle's malocclusion and a concave soft tissue facial profile is predominate orocraniofacial characteristic of individuals with Down Syndrome.