Analysis of socioeconomic status and personal behavior on hypertension in Jakarta, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Hypertension as a leading cause of cardiovascular disease induces premature death with nearly one billion patients globally, two-thirds of which are in developing country including Indonesia. Low socioeconomic status is an important determinant of health care access, but the relation with hypertension and personal behavior remain complicated and unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether hypertension not only affected by personal behavior but also socioeconomic status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with secondary data of Ketuk Pintu Layani dengan Hati (KPLDH) program in Kecamatan Matraman period of June 2016, which conducted by interviewing every households in RW02 Kayumanis. From total of 1320 data, 787 data of adults (>17 years old) were included in this study. The included data were socioeconomic status, personal behavior, and hypertension diagnosis. The bivariate analysis was conducted with chi-square test and each variable with p<0.20 were included in multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Result: The study showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 11.2%. There were significant associations between marriage status (OR 4.74, 95%CI 2.22–10.13), house condition (OR 1.93, 95%CI 1.16–3.21), jimpitan or traditional peer-to-peer social donation (OR 1.75, 95%CI 1.09–2.81) and active smokers (OR 0.310, 95%CI 0.15–0.66) with hypertension according to the logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Based on the result, the socioeconomic status and personal behavior could affect the level of hypertension. We expect that public health could focus on the socioeconomic status and personal behavior aspects as the basis of promotive and preventive programs.