Advances in Health Monitoring Technologies: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Precision, Patient Empowerment, and Integration Challenges

Background: The rapid evolution of health monitoring technologies has transformed the landscape of chronic and preventive healthcare, with applications spanning diabetes, cardiovascular, and general health management. Continuous glucose monitoring systems, wearable electrocardiography (ECG), and mobile health applications provide real-time, accessible data to support early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and proactive patient engagement. This review aims to systematically examine current health monitoring technologies, their diagnostic accuracy, patient outcomes, and implementation challenges. Methods: A systematic literature search of 55 peer-reviewed articles was conducted, focusing on diabetes and cardiovascular monitoring devices, general health trackers, and methodological approaches in health monitoring. Results: Findings indicate that diabetes monitoring technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors, significantly improve glycemic control and reduce emergency hospitalizations. Cardiovascular health monitoring technologies, including wearable ECG and blood pressure devices, demonstrate potential in early detection and continuous risk assessment. General health monitoring tools, particularly fitness and wellness applications, show effectiveness in promoting preventive behaviors, though long-term efficacy remains uncertain. Common challenges identified include data security, integration into healthcare systems, and reliability across diverse populations. Conclusion: This review underscores the strengths and limitations of these technologies and highlights the need for robust data management strategies and evidence-based integration into clinical practices. Future research should focus on enhancing interoperability, addressing privacy concerns, and evaluating outcomes across diverse populations to fully harness the potential of health monitoring technologies in clinical and community health settings.