A Qualitative Review on the Strategies to Reduce the Buildings' Carbon Emissions

As stated in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) document, which establishes emission reduction objectives for 2030, the Government of Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement, a worldwide agreement to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and to address the consequences of climate change. This was accomplished through Law No. 16 of 2016. To achieve zero emissions, Indonesia focuses on reducing the use of fossil fuels, adopting environmentally friendly technologies, and increasing the utilization of renewable energy. Global environmental challenges, driven by climate change, have far-reaching implications, including severe health and economic consequences. This study aims to explores the strategies globally performed to reduce the carbon emissions of buildings. To obtain that objective, this study uses a qualitative literature review. The study shows that strategies that can help reduce the buildings carbon emissions include population dynamics, solar photovoltaic, solar water heaters, material use, energy consumption, building stock, and economic considerations. The finding presents a unique opportunity for prioritizing green building practices and carbon emission reduction strategies in Indonesia.