A histopathological review of conditioned medium exosomes from wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells administration to skin collagen deposition of aged wistar rats

Background Prolonged and repeated exposure to UVB rays can cause photoaging, which is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage the DNA of skin cells. DNA damage causes destruction and inhibition of type I collagen as the largest protein in the human skin. Currently, cell-based therapies such as exosomes are known to prevent skin cell DNA damage. Wharton’s Jelly conditioned media exosome (Exo-WJ) has the advantage of improving collagen deposition. Methods The study was a descriptive experimental study by comparing type I collagen deposition between the ageing skin of Wistar rats which were given the addition of Wharton Jelly (conditioned media exosomeExo-WJ) and control. The control group of rats (A) was given PBS 0.1 cc, the second group of rats (B) was treated with Exo-WJ concentration of 0.75 mcg, and the third group of rats (C) was treated with Exo-WJ with a concentration of 1.5 mcg. Collagen deposition was processed through Trichrome Masson staining and assessed by the pathologist through Image J digital analysis. Result The results of the Image J digital analysis revealed that the density of type I collagen in the control group (A) was 23.72%, in Exo-WJ 0.75 mcg group (B) was 48.41%, and in Exo-WJ 1.50 mcg group (C) was 58.5%. Conclusion Giving Exo-WJ can improve collagen deposition in the skin of old Wistar rats due to UVB exposure.