A comprehensive study on the influence of single and multiple phytochemicals in facilitating green synthesis of ZrO2 nanoparticles

Dwi Febriantini, Purnamasari, Agus Rimus Liandi, Usman, Yoki Yulizar

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

In this work, we conducted an extensive study of fabrication of ZrO2 NPs mediated by one type and mixture of plant secondary metabolites in three different calcination temperatures to investigate the influence of the type and concentration of phytochemicals in the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Gallic acid, which is a phenolic compound with strong antioxidant activity, enables to stabilize particle surfaces thereby preventing aggregation and agglomeration of particles. GC-MS and LC-HRMS analysis reveal that polar leaf extract as mixture of secondary metabolites contains ten volatile and forty-one polar compounds, respectively. The TGA/DTG experiments demonstrate that the type and concentration of secondary metabolites substantially influence the crystal formation and ultimately impact the size, morphology, surface texture, and acidity of ZrO2 NPs. Well crystalline and homogenous ZrO2 nanospheres were successfully formed by using gallic acid and polar leaf extract as biofuels with crystal size ranging from 6.30–61.92 nm and average particle size ranging from 26–39 nm. The green prepared-ZrO2 NPs possess surface area from 6.37 to 76.02 m²/g, pore volume from 0.049 to 0.392 cm³/g, pore diameter from 4.17 up to 50.75 nm, and acidity from 0.0574 to 2.0966 mmol/g. Apart from that, this research also indicates that applied calcination temperature affects the features of the nanoparticles mentioned above, except for morphology.

Original languageEnglish
Article number101303
JournalNano-Structures and Nano-Objects
Volume39
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sept 2024

Keywords

  • Boehmeria virgata
  • Gallic acid
  • Green synthesis
  • Secondary metabolites
  • ZrO

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