A comparative analysis of carbon emissions from transportation and logistics of the consumer goods industry in Southeast Asia

This research continues previous work that developed a framework for calculating carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions specifically for countries in Southeast Asia. The purpose of the present research is to comparatively analyze carbon emissions produced by the transportation and logistics activities of a consumer goods company with factories in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines to better understand the factors driving CO₂ emissions generated by the factories. Several steps were conducted for this research: calculating the carbon emissions from the factories in each country, comparing the results, and analyzing the impacts of several factors on the carbon emissions. The factors are the production numbers of each operating factory, the source of emissions related to the distance traveled, and the ratio of road and sea transportation used by the company. This research used three scenarios: data from (1) 2015 and (2) 2018 and (3) the optimal scenario considering the optimal distribution network.