A CMOS biologically expansion/contraction motion sensor and its implementation on Z-motion direction/velocity detection

In this paper, a CMOS biologically expansion/contraction motion sensor and its implementation on Z-motion direction/velocity detection is newly proposed. The first innovation is that the proposed method is inspired from neural vision system of mammalians. The formation of image is based on the principle of biconvex lens geometry. By developing the proposed method, the proposed motion sensor can be real time to calculate the velocity of z-axis of an object as neural vision system of mammalians. Another innovation is that all analog processing circuits and light sensors are integrated robustly and compactly into a single chip. The proposed motion sensor consists of 80 pixels with a pixel size of 125 × 125 μm². The fill factor is 86.2% and the total chip area is 4 × 4~mm². The sensor array is implemented into eight axes, and total power consumption, including output digital buffers is 13.2 mW. Based on the device parameters of 0.35-μm 2P4M CMOS technology, all the functions and performance of the proposed expansion/contraction motion sensor and its implementation on Z-motion direction/velocity detection are successfully tested and proven through measurements. The detectable chip velocity of the proposed motion sensor is from 9 to 63 mm/s, and its corresponding Z-velocity is from 0.139 to 0.97 m/s. The illumination range is successfully tested from 1.52 to 121.2 lux. The velocity deviations of this motion sensor are 6.8% for ± {X} motion, 3.5% for ± {Y} motion, and 6% for ± {Z} motion, respectively. The proposed chip is suitable for 3-D motion applications, such as robot or car backward motion applications.